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Why our body gain weight? Which are the causes of weight gain?
By Vijay Tendu
Body weight and Body Fat : We can bifurcate our body weight as follows
1. Bones
2. Muscles and fat
3. Skin
4. Connective tissues , like blood , tendons and other body organs
Therefore for convenience fat content in our body is expressed as body fat percentage , which is the amount of body fat tissue as a percentage of total weight of our body. The total amount of body fat one has is an important factor in weight control. The location of the fat storage is more important from the aspect of one’s health. Fat which is deposited in the abdominal area or visceral fat is dangerous to human health. Excess abdominal fat has a strong link to ‘Syndrome X, the deadly quartet of high insulin, high sugar, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Nowadays excess body fat rather than excess body weight is seen as the major indicator of weight-related problems. A high waist circumference is associated with an increased risk for type 2 DM, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and CVD in patients with a body mass index between 25 and 34.9. Also waist circumferences are useful predictors of changes in CVD risk factors in obese patients. BMI is a reliable indicator of total body fat which is related to the morbidity and mortality.
While body weight is a salient personal issue to many individuals, weight is also increasingly seen as a broader social problem. Weight and gender are so tightly intertwined that they often seem inseparable. Obesity is feared by most women, and eating disorders are largely gender bound. Women most often engage in continuous surveillance of other women’s bodies as well as their own, which lead to perpetual dieting often becoming a taken-for granted component of women’s roles. An excess gain in body weight can indicate various medical or psychological conditions. The reasons that can be primarily attributed to weight gain are unhealthy eating habits and lack of fitness exercises. There may be other reasons but these two are the major factors that make a person overweight. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Indians has increased over the past two decades. Causes of Weight Gain :
Different eating habits
• Eating more
• Overeating
• High-fat & carbohydrate diet
• Excessive snacking
• Excessive hunger due to hypothyroidism, hypoglycaemia and diabetes.
Pregnancy and post pregnancy
• Recent childbirth-retaining weight after giving birth is common.
Changes due to growth and ageing
• Getting older often involves a gradual weight gain from changes in activity and metabolism.
• Slowing of metabolism with aging.
• Precocious puberty
• Physical disability
Changes in the body
• Appetite changes
• Water retention
• Premenstrual bloating
• Edema
• Reaction to prior dieting
Behavioural pattern
• Reduced exercise
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Reduced exercise or activity level
• Lifestyle changes leading to increased eating or reduced activity
• Quitting smoking or other type of tobacco withdrawal
Emotional/psychological conditions
• Comfort eating
• Stress eating
• Compulsive eating
• Depressive disorders
• Anxiety-triggered eating
• Reactive hyperphagia
Health problems
• Heart failure
• Congestive heart failure
• Kidney failure
• Nephrosis
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Lymphatic obstruction
• Brain tumor
• Brain trauma
Endocrine changes
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Certain hormonal conditions
• Cushing’s disease
• Hypothalamus disorder
• Acromegaly
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Hypogonadotrophc hypogonadism
• Growth hormone failure
• Hyperprolacitnaemia
• Hypopituitarism
• Cretinism
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Pseudohypoparathyroidism
• Pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism
• Postmenopausal
• Hypogonadism
Certain drugs
• Steroid medications
• Androgenic steroids
• Growth hormone
Disease conditions
• Meningitis
• Tuberculosis
• Syphilis
• Sarcoidosis
• Histiocytosis X
• Spina bifida
• Multiple lipomatosis
• Partial lipodystrophy
• Dercum’s disease
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